Permian of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 167 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic TimescalePermian of Western EuropePermian-Jurassic of New ZealandPermian of ChinaPermian of the Russian PlatformCarboniferous of North AmericaCarboniferous of Western Europe
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianOtekePuaroan145
Kimmeridgian149.2
KawhiaOhauan150
Heterian154.5
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Temaikan164.3
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
HerangiUruroan176
Pliensbachian184.2
Aratauran188.9
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianBalfourOtapirian201.4
NorianWarepan208.5
Otamitan217
Oretian221
Carnian227
GoreKaihikuan227.5
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Etalian238
Anisian242
Malakovian246
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Nelsonian249
Induan251.2
DUrvilleMakarewan251.5
PermianLopingianChanghsingianMeishanian251.902
Waiitian253.2
Baoqingian253.4 *
WuchiapingianZechsteinLaoshanian254.14
Puruhauan254.2
TatarianVyatkian256.8 *
Laibinian257.7 *
GuadalupianCapitanianRotliegendesAparimaFlettianLengwuanSeverodvinian259.51
WordianKuhfengianUrzhumian264.28
Barettian266
RoadianKazanianPovolzhian266.9
Sokian270.7 *
CisuralianKungurianLuodianianKungurianIrenian/Ufimian273.01
Mangapirian276
Filipovian276.5 *
Saraninian280.1 *
ArtinskianAutunianArtinskianSarginian283.5
Telfordian285
Longlinian285.4 *
Irginian285.9 *
Burtsevian287.8 *
288.5
SakmarianSakmarianSterlitamakian290.1
Tastubian291.7 *
AsselianZisongianAsselianShikhanianBursumian †293.52
Uskalykian294.8
Surenian297.5
Kuzel297.7
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianVirgilian298.9
300.1
StephanianStephanian C300.3 *
Stephanian B300.9 *
Stephanian A301.4 *
KasimovianMissourian303.7
Cantabrian305 *
Desmoinesian305.9 *
Moscovian307
WestphalianWestphalian D307.4 *
Westphalian C309.8
Atokan312.7 *
Westphalian B314.6
Bashkirian315.2
Westphalian A317 *
Morrowan318.4 *
NamurianYeadonian318.8 *
Marsdenian320.2 *
Kinderscoutian321.5 *
Alportian322 *
Chokierian323.1 *
MississippianSerpukhovianChesterian323.2
Arnsbergian324 *
Pendleian327.4 *
ViseanWarnantianBrigantian †330.9
Meramecian335.8 *
LivianAsbian †336.3 *
MoliniacianHolkerian †/Arundian/Chadian340.2 *
Osagean343.1 *
TournaisianIvorian346.7
Kinderhookian351.9 *
Hastarian353.7 *
358.9