PBDB Timescale

Permian of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 167 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Permian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian	Autunian		Hessian			283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian			290.1
		Asselian			Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
								538.8