PBDB Timescale

Permian of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 167 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1		Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian		Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian	Autunian				Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	Virgilian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian	305.9 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
					Atokan		Kashirian	312.7 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Morrowan		Cheremshanian	318.4 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Chesterian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Meramecian		Tulian	335.8 *
					Meramecian		Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Osagean		Bobrikian	343.1 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
					Kinderhookian		Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509	Cambrian 3
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
								538.8