PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein			Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller				Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian	Leine				Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
								298.9
								300.1