PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian			Oretian								227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan			Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan							Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein						Melekhovian		Meishanian	Kathwai	251.902
													252.4 *
												Chhidru	252.9 *
					Waiitian								253.2
											Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Zechstein		Laoshanian	254.14
					Puruhauan						254.2
											Kalabagh	255 *
											Wargal	256 *
										Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian			Rotliegendes		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian	Leine							Kuhfengian		264.28
									Noginskian			264.9 *
												265.3 *
					Barettian							266
											Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian									Amb	266.9
		Roadian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Luodianian		273.01
					Mangapirian							276
									Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian						Autunian				283.5
					Telfordian	285
						Longlinian				285.4 *
									Rusavkinian	287.6 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian				Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian	303.7
									Khamovnikian	304.8
									Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian							Myachkovian	307
									Podolskian	308.9 *
									Kashirian	311.4 *
									Vereian	313.8
									Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian	315.2
									Cheremshanian	316.9 *
									Prikamian	318.6 *
									Severokeltmian	319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
									Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Zapaltjubian	323.2
									Protvian	324.4 *
									Steshevian	326.8 *
									Tarusian	329 *
		Visean							Venevian	330.9
									Mikhailovian	331.9 *
									Aleksinian	333.7 *
									Tulian	335.8 *
									Bobrikian	339.9 *
									Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian							Kosvian	346.7
									Kizelian	350.7 *
									Cherepetian	351.9 *
									Karakubian	354.4 *
									Upinian	356.3 *
									Malevkian	357.6 *
									Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
													509