PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 5					149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan						150
					Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	Jurassic 2					188.9
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian			Warepan						208.5
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
		Carnian			Oretian	Triassic 3					227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	Triassic 3					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	Triassic 2					237
		Ladinian			Etalian						238
		Anisian			Etalian						242
		Anisian			Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	Triassic 1				Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian						249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Buntsandstein	Permian 4	Meishanian		251.902
										252.4 *
					Chhidru					252.9 *
				Waiitian						253.2
								Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Zechstein	Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Puruhauan							254.2
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
									Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian		Rotliegendes	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine						Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
											265.3 *
						Barettian					266
					Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb		Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2		Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian					276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian		Autunian			283.5
						Telfordian					285
						Telfordian			Longlinian		285.4 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1		Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1				529
											538.8