PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan					Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan					Jurassic 5			149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan								150
					Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan					Jurassic 2			184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran					Jurassic 2			188.9
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian					Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Warepan								208.5
					Otamitan								217
					Oretian								221
		Carnian			Oretian					Triassic 3			227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan					Triassic 3			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan					Triassic 2			237
		Ladinian			Etalian								238
		Anisian			Etalian								242
		Anisian			Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian					Triassic 1		Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Buntsandstein	Meishanian	Permian 4	Dorashamian		251.902
											252.4 *
					Chhidru						252.9 *
				Waiitian							253.2
							Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian		Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Puruhauan							254.2
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
											Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
							Laibinian					Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian	Severodvinian		Lengwuan	Midian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine				Urzhumian		Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
													265.3 *
						Barettian							266
					Amb								266.1 *
										Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian			Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian			Sokian		Kazanian				Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian		Luodianian	Permian 2	Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian						276
							Filipovian						276.5 *
							Filipovian				Bolorian		279.8
							Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian						283.5
						Telfordian							285
									Longlinian				285.4 *
							Irginian						285.9 *
							Irginian				Yakhtashian		286
							Burtsevian						287.8 *
							Burtsevian						288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian				Sakmarian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian		Zisongian	Permian 1	Asselian		293.52
							Uskalykian						294.8
							Surenian						297.5
													298.9
													300.1