PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan							251.2
		Induan			Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Meishanian	Kathwai	Permian 4	Dorashamian		251.902
									252.4 *
					Chhidru				252.9 *
				Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian			Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
					Kalabagh				255 *
					Wargal				256 *
				Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Lengwuan			Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine	Kuhfengian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
							Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian				Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian				Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian		Permian 2	Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian							283.5
				Longlinian					285.4 *
							Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian		Permian 1	Asselian		293.52
									298.9
									300.1