PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1			Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan							251.2
		Induan		Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Kathwai	Permian 4				251.902
									252.4 *
				Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Kalabagh					255 *
				Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller			Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
									265.3 *
				Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb	Permian 3	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian			Permian 3	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1		Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1				529
									538.8