PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein		Dorashamian				Melekhovian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Rotliegendes	Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian	Leine			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian					264.28
									Noginskian				264.9 *
					Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
								Filipovian					276.5 *
									Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
					Bolorian								279.8
								Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian		Autunian			Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
								Irginian					285.9 *
					Yakhtashian								286
									Rusavkinian			287.6 *
								Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
								Uskalykian				294.8
								Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian			303.7
									Khamovnikian			304.8
									Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian							Myachkovian			307
									Podolskian			308.9 *
									Kashirian			311.4 *
									Vereian			313.8
									Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian			315.2
									Cheremshanian	316.9 *
									Prikamian	318.6 *
									Severokeltmian	319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
									Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Zapaltjubian	323.2
									Protvian	324.4 *
									Steshevian	326.8 *
									Tarusian	329 *
		Visean							Venevian	330.9
									Mikhailovian	331.9 *
									Aleksinian	333.7 *
									Tulian	335.8 *
									Bobrikian	339.9 *
									Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian							Kosvian	346.7
									Kizelian	350.7 *
									Cherepetian	351.9 *
									Karakubian	354.4 *
									Upinian	356.3 *
									Malevkian	357.6 *
									Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
													509