PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian						11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
		Bartonian						37.71
		Lutetian						41.2
		Ypresian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian		247.2
		Induan						251.2
		Induan			Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	Kathwai			251.902
								252.4 *
					Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	Chhidru	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Midian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Leine			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
				Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian				273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian			Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Asselian				293.52
								298.9