PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian				Melekhovian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian	Leine		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian					264.28
								Noginskian				264.9 *
				Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
							Filipovian					276.5 *
								Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
				Bolorian								279.8
							Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
							Irginian					285.9 *
				Yakhtashian								286
								Rusavkinian			287.6 *
							Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
							Uskalykian				294.8
							Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian			303.7
								Khamovnikian			304.8
								Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian			307
								Podolskian			308.9 *
								Kashirian			311.4 *
								Vereian			313.8
								Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian			315.2
								Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Prikamian	318.6 *
								Severokeltmian	319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
								Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Zapaltjubian	323.2
								Protvian	324.4 *
								Steshevian	326.8 *
								Tarusian	329 *
		Visean						Venevian	330.9
								Mikhailovian	331.9 *
								Aleksinian	333.7 *
								Tulian	335.8 *
								Bobrikian	339.9 *
								Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian						Kosvian	346.7
								Kizelian	350.7 *
								Cherepetian	351.9 *
								Karakubian	354.4 *
								Upinian	356.3 *
								Malevkian	357.6 *
								Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				504.5
												509