PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan			150
										Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian								Warepan			208.5
										Otamitan			217
										Oretian			221
		Carnian								Oretian			227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian								Etalian			238
		Anisian								Etalian			242
		Anisian								Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian			249
		Induan	251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai		Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
									252.4 *
					Chhidru				252.9 *
				Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian				Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Zechstein	254.14
				Puruhauan							254.2
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
											Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Severodvinian				Midian	Aparima	Flettian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Leine	Urzhumian									264.28
													265.3 *
										Barettian			266
					Amb								266.1 *
								Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian							Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Kubergandian					273.01
					Irenian/Ufimian					Mangapirian			276
					Filipovian								276.5 *
					Filipovian			Bolorian					279.8
					Saraninian								280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian						283.5
					Sarginian					Telfordian		285
					Irginian							285.9 *
					Irginian			Yakhtashian				286
					Burtsevian							287.8 *
					Burtsevian							288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian			Sakmarian				291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			Asselian				293.52
					Uskalykian							294.8
					Surenian							297.5
													298.9