PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian					Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
		Carnian		Triassic 3			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian					Etalian	238
		Anisian					Etalian	242
		Anisian					Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	Kathwai		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Buntsandstein			Permian 4	251.902
								252.4 *
			Chhidru					252.9 *
						Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		254.14
						Puruhauan		254.2
			Kalabagh					255 *
			Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Leine				264.28
								265.3 *
						Barettian		266
			Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb				Permian 3	266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1	293.52
								298.9