PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian		100.5
										Middle Albian		106.2 *
										Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian		113
		Aptian								Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian		139.8
										Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
										Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan		Late Kimmeridgian		150
								Ohauan		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
								Heterian		Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian		174.7
							Herangi	Ururoan		Late Toarcian		176
										Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
										Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian						Warepan		Sevatian		208.5
										Alaunian		213.2 *
										Lacian		216.7 *
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
		Carnian						Oretian		Tuvalian		227
							Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian		227.5
			Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian		237
			Longobardian		Etalian	238
			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian			242
			Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian			244.7 *
			Aegean			245.5 *
			Aegean		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian			Spathian		247.2
						Smithian		248.9 *
					Nelsonian	Smithian		249
		Induan				Dienerian		251.2
						Griesbachian		251.4 *
					DUrville	Griesbachian	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	Makarewan		Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian					Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Longtanian †			Waiitian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Longtanian †			Puruhauan			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Aparima		Flettian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Leine	264.28
						Noginskian				264.9 *
							Barettian			266
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
							Mangapirian			276
						Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian								283.5
							Telfordian			285
						Rusavkinian	Telfordian			287.6 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian				303.7
						Khamovnikian				304.8
						Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian				307
						Podolskian				308.9 *
						Kashirian				311.4 *
						Vereian				313.8
						Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian				315.2
						Cheremshanian				316.9 *
						Prikamian				318.6 *
						Severokeltmian				319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
						Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian				323.2
						Protvian				324.4 *
						Steshevian				326.8 *
						Tarusian				329 *
		Visean				Venevian				330.9
						Mikhailovian				331.9 *
						Aleksinian				333.7 *
						Tulian				335.8 *
						Bobrikian				339.9 *
						Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian				346.7
						Kizelian				350.7 *
						Cherepetian				351.9 *
						Karakubian				354.4 *
						Upinian				356.3 *
						Malevkian				357.6 *
						Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				504.5
												509