PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan		150
										Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian								Warepan		208.5
										Otamitan		217
										Oretian		221
		Carnian								Oretian		227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian								Etalian		238
		Anisian								Etalian		242
		Anisian								Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian							Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian		249
		Induan								Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai	251.902
												252.4 *
											Chhidru	252.9 *
										Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †					Waiitian		254.14
						Puruhauan	254.2
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Wordian				264.28
										265.3 *
									Barettian	266
							Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Roadian	Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
									Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
									Telfordian		285
						Wolfcampian			Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Nealian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
												509