PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian				Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian				Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4	Meishanian	Buntsandstein	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †			Laoshanian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Kuhfengian	Leine		264.28
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Leine	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2	Luodianian			273.01
		Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian				283.5
						Longlinian		285.4 *
								Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
								Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Prikamian		318.6 *
								Severokeltmian		319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
								Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian		323.2
								Protvian		324.4 *
								Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		Kosvian		346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1			529
											538.8