PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mesozoic Subages		Permian Subages of Germany
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian			100.5
							Middle Albian			106.2 *
							Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian			113
		Aptian					Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian			139.8
							Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
							Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan		Late Kimmeridgian			150
					Ohauan		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
					Heterian		Early Kimmeridgian			154.5
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			164.3
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian			174.7
				Herangi	Ururoan		Late Toarcian			176
							Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
							Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			188.9
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian			Warepan		Sevatian			208.5
							Alaunian			213.2 *
							Lacian			216.7 *
					Otamitan					217
					Oretian					221
		Carnian			Oretian		Tuvalian			227
				Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian			227.5
							Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian			237
					Etalian		Longobardian			238
							Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian			242
							Pelsonian			243.8 *
							Bithynian			244.7 *
							Aegean			245.5 *
					Malakovian		Aegean			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian				Spathian			247.2
							Smithian			248.9 *
					Nelsonian		Smithian			249
		Induan					Dienerian			251.2
							Griesbachian			251.4 *
				DUrville	Makarewan		Griesbachian			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Melekhovian			Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Waiitian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Puruhauan					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Leine	264.28
						Noginskian				264.9 *
					Barettian					266
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
					Mangapirian					276
						Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian					285
					Telfordian	Rusavkinian				287.6 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian				303.7
						Khamovnikian				304.8
						Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian				307
						Podolskian				308.9 *
						Kashirian				311.4 *
						Vereian				313.8
						Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian		346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
										358.9