PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan	150
											Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian									Warepan	208.5
											Otamitan	217
											Oretian	221
		Carnian									Oretian	227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian									Etalian	238
		Anisian									Etalian	242
		Anisian									Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian								Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian	249
		Induan									Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan								DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian									Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †					Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †					Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes				Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Wordian	264.28			Flettian
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Wordian	Barettian	266
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian		Cathedralian		273.01
								Mangapirian	Cathedralian		276
									Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian		Autunian							283.5
								Telfordian			285
							Wolfcampian	Telfordian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian							Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †						497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
												509