PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian								100.5
				Middle Albian								106.2 *
				Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian								113
		Aptian		Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian								139.8
				Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
				Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian								168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian								174.7
				Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
				Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian		Sevatian								208.5
				Alaunian								213.2 *
				Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian								227
		Carnian		Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian								237
		Ladinian		Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian								242
				Pelsonian								243.8 *
				Bithynian								244.7 *
				Aegean								245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	Spathian								247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
				Griesbachian			251.4 *
				Griesbachian			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
							Kalabagh		255 *
							Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Wordian	264.28
										265.3 *
							Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Amb		Roadian	266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
												509