PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian									100.5
				Middle Albian									106.2 *
				Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian									113
		Aptian		Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian									139.8
				Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
				Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian									174.7
				Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
				Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian		Sevatian									208.5
				Alaunian									213.2 *
				Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian									227
		Carnian		Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
				Griesbachian		251.4 *
				Griesbachian		Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai		Meishanian	Melekhovian	Dorashamian	251.902
											252.4 *
						Chhidru					252.9 *
								Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Laoshanian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
								Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					Lengwuan			Midian	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Kuhfengian				264.28
									Noginskian			264.9 *
												265.3 *
						Amb						266.1 *
							Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian	Kubergandian			273.01
								Kubergandian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
								Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian									283.5
							Longlinian				285.4 *
								Yakhtashian			286
								Yakhtashian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian					Zisongian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian		303.7
									Khamovnikian		304.8
									Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian							Myachkovian		307
									Podolskian		308.9 *
									Kashirian		311.4 *
									Vereian		313.8
									Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian		315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
					Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian				323.2
					Protvian				324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Tarusian				329 *
		Visean			Venevian				330.9
					Mikhailovian				331.9 *
					Aleksinian				333.7 *
					Tulian				335.8 *
					Bobrikian				339.9 *
					Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian				346.7
					Kizelian				350.7 *
					Cherepetian				351.9 *
					Karakubian				354.4 *
					Upinian				356.3 *
					Malevkian				357.6 *
					Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
													538.8