PBDB Timescale

Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 111 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mesozoic Subages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4		Late Albian					100.5
						Middle Albian					106.2 *
						Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian					113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3		Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian					139.8
						Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
						Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Tithonian		Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
						Late Kimmeridgian		Kawhia	Ohauan		150
						Early Kimmeridgian			Ohauan		152.2 *
						Early Kimmeridgian			Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian					174.7
						Late Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
						Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
						Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian	Sevatian		Warepan	208.5
			Alaunian			213.2 *
			Lacian			216.7 *
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian	Oretian	227
				Tuvalian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
				Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian				237
				Longobardian		Etalian		238
				Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
				Aegean		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	Triassic 1				Spathian	247.2
								Smithian	248.9 *
						Nelsonian		Smithian	249
		Induan						Dienerian	251.2
								Griesbachian	251.4 *
					DUrville	Makarewan		Griesbachian	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Makarewan		Melekhovian		Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Waiitian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Puruhauan					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Aparima	Flettian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							Leine	264.28
								Noginskian			264.9 *
						Barettian					266
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2							273.01
						Mangapirian					276
								Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian									283.5
						Telfordian					285
						Telfordian		Rusavkinian			287.6 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian			303.7
								Khamovnikian			304.8
								Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				Myachkovian			307
								Podolskian			308.9 *
								Kashirian			311.4 *
								Vereian			313.8
								Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian					315.2	Melekessian
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
											538.8