PBDB Timescale

Mesozoic Subages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 10 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 46988 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian								100.5
			Middle Albian								106.2 *
			Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian								113
		Aptian	Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian								139.8
			Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
			Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
			Late Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				Humphresianum	168.4
			Early Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Planulata					179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
											180.1
			Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
						Kanense					181.3 *
						Kanense			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
						Carlottense					182.3 *
			Early Toarcian			Carlottense					182.9 *
			Early Toarcian			Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Kunae			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
						Freboldi	185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian	Sevatian								208.5
			Alaunian								213.2 *
			Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian								227
		Carnian	Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian								237
		Ladinian	Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian								242
			Pelsonian								243.8 *
			Bithynian								244.7 *
			Aegean								245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian								247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian								248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian								251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian								251.4 *
											251.902