PBDB Timescale

Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 5 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 508 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian				3
		Zanclean			Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian				13.82
					Clifdenian				15.1
				Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian				23.03
					Duntroonian				25.2
					Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Arnold	Runangan				34.6
					Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian				41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
					Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan				47.8
					Mangaorapan				48.9
					Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian				56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian	Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan		Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
					Mangaotanean				90.5
					Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan				93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
					Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan				100.5
					Urutawan				103.3
				Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian			Korangan				113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
									509