PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian														Ionian	0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian	Ionian	0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †											Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian		3
		Zanclean													Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean													Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian											Pannonian		Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian											Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Sarmatian				11.63
													Badenian				12.8 *
													Badenian		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian		13.82
															Clifdenian		15.1
														Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian													Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian													Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Waitakian		23.03
															Duntroonian		25.2
															Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
														Arnold	Runangan		34.6
															Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian													Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Bortonian		41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
															Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian													Heretaungan		47.8
															Mangaorapan		48.9
															Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Teurian		56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
															Mangaotanean		90.5
															Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												Arowhanan		93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
															Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												Motuan		100.5
															Urutawan		103.3
														Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian					Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula					Gleedonian	427.4
				Jaagarahu					Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani						431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani						433.4
		Telychian		Adavere						434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere						438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula						439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula						440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru						441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian						Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian							Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †					Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian							477.7
										Lianghekou †	477.9 *
										Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †					Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
				Aksaian										490.7 *
				Sakian										492.2 *
													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian										499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	Amgan/Solvan							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	509
						Toyonian				Lenian †					510 *
						Toyonian							Dyeran		511 *
						Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2												514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
						Atdabanian							Montezuman		515.6 *
						Atdabanian							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian									521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
																	538.8