PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Eastern North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian								MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †						MN 16			Yushean			2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15						3.6
										MN 14						4.2
										MN 13			Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12						7.246
										MN 11						7.75
										MN 10						8.7
										MN 9						9.7
										MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5			Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4			Shanwangian			15.98
										MN 3			Xiejiaan			16.9
										MN 2						20
		Aquitanian								MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								Senonian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Late Albian								Gallic	100.5
							Middle Albian									106.2 *
							Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian									139.8
							Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
							Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian									174.7
					Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
					Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian	208.5
					Alaunian	213.2 *
					Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli									Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5										443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5										445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian					489.5
		Paibian						Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Series 3 †					Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian											Boomerangian	499
		Drumian											Undillan	500.5
		Drumian											Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †							Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Ordian	509
		Stage 4												510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																538.8