PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of the Baltic	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian					Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian					Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan					Middle Pleistocene						0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan					Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †										1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean					Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan					Late Pliocene						2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan					Early Pliocene						3.6
				Montehermosan											3.7 *
				Huayquerian											4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian				7.246
				Chasicoan											7.9 *
				Mayoan											9.9 *
				Laventan											10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene		Sarmatian				11.63
											Badenian				12.8 *
				Colloncuran							Badenian				13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran											13.82
		Langhian		Friasian											15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian					Early Miocene						15.98
				Santacrucian											16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian											17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian											20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan											20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene				Kekeamuan		27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican					Early Oligocene				Kekeamuan		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Tinguirirican					Late Eocene				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan					Late Eocene				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		35.9 *
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan											41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan					Early Eocene					Bumbanian	47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran					Early Eocene					Bumbanian	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Riochican					Late Paleocene				Gashatan		56
				Itaboraian											56.9 *
				Peligran											58.9 *
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene						61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan					Early Paleocene						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2	Vokhmian
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kuhfengian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
								300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani					433.4
		Telychian		Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian	489.5
		Paibian							Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian	499
		Drumian							Undillan	500.5
		Drumian							Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian	509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
															538.8