Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
  • J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsNorth American Mammal Subages/ZonesNorth American Land Mammal AgesCambrian of SiberiaDevonian of Eastern North AmericaCentral Paratethys StagesOrdovician of ChinaCarbo-Permian of the Russian PlatformCambrian of BritainEuropean Faunal UnitsEuropean Faunal Zones
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 6Saintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneSheridanian0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
Chibanian0.129
Cudahyan/SappanIrvingtonian0.21
Calabrian0.774
Senecan/RexroadianBlancan1.4
GelasianMN 171.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianVillanyianMN 162.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
MN 153.2
Zanclean3.6
MN 144.2
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early HemphillianHemphillian4.7
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinianTurolian5.333
TortonianPannonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
VallesianMN 108.7
Late Clarendonian/Early ClarendonianClarendonian9.4
MN 99.7
MN 7 + 811.1
SerravallianCenozoic 5SarmatianAstaracian11.63
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early BarstovianBarstovian12.5
BadenianMN 612.8 *
LanghianMN 513.82
BurdigalianOrleanianMN 415.98
Late Hemingfordian/Early HemingfordianHemingfordian16.3
MN 316.9
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early ArikareeanHarrisonianArikareean18.5
AgenianMN 220
Aquitanian20.44
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 423.03
Monroecreekian23.1 *
Geringian24.7 *
Rupelian27.82
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early ChadronianChadronian33.9
Duchesnean37
Bartonian37.71
Late Uintan/Early UintanUintan39.7
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/GardnerbuttianBridgerian46.2
Ypresian47.8
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/SandcouleeanWasatchian50.5
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 156
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1Tiffanian56.2
Selandian59.2
To3/To2/To1Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1Puercan63.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 866
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4Melekhovian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Noginskian264.9 *
RoadianPermian 3266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Pavlovoposadian276.8 *
Artinskian283.5
Rusavkinian287.6 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
KasimovianDorogomilovian303.7
Khamovnikian304.8
Krevyakinian305.8 *
MoscovianCarboniferous 4Myachkovian307
Podolskian308.9 *
Kashirian311.4 *
Vereian313.8
Melekessian314.8
Bashkirian315.2
Cheremshanian316.9 *
Prikamian318.6 *
Severokeltmian319.9 *
Krasnopolyanian321.2 *
Voznesenian321.9 *
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3Zapaltjubian323.2
Protvian324.4 *
Steshevian326.8 *
Tarusian329 *
ViseanCarboniferous 2Venevian330.9
Mikhailovian331.9 *
Aleksinian333.7 *
Tulian335.8 *
Bobrikian339.9 *
Radaevkian343.4 *
TournaisianCarboniferous 1Kosvian346.7
Kizelian350.7 *
Cherepetian351.9 *
Karakubian354.4 *
Upinian356.3 *
Malevkian357.6 *
Gumerovian358 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4West Fallsian/Sonyean372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Geneseean/Taghanican/TioughnioganCazenovian382.7
EifelianSouthwoodian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Sawkillian/Deer ParkianHelderbergian393.3
PragianDevonian 1407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5HirnantianXiaoxita †/ShikouWufeng †443.8
KatianChientangkiangian445.2
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang449.5
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3DarriwilianGuniu †/Hulo458.4
Hunjiang †Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo466.3 *
DapingianOrdovician 2Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloianYiyangian470
TremadocianOrdovician 1Xinchangian477.7
Lianghekou †477.9 *
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/YurakianMerionethDolgellian/Trempealeauan485.4
Festiniogian489.2 *
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Maentwrogian493.1 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4AyusokkanianSt Davids497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
Drumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3Amgan/Solvan504.5
Series 2Stage 4Caerfai509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianCambrian 1Manykaian †529
538.8