PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian					Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian		Sheridanian													0.129
				Cudahyan/Sappan													0.21
								Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian															0.774
				Senecan/Rexroadian													1.4
								Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	Yushean								2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian									3
		Zanclean						Waipipian									3.6
								Opoitian									3.7
				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian													4.7
									Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian															7.246
				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian													9.4
							Southland	Waiauan									11.04
									Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian													12.5
								Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian	Shanwangian								13.82
								Clifdenian									15.1
							Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian															15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian													16.3
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan								16.9
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian												18.5
								Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
					Monroecreekian												23.1 *
					Geringian												24.7 *
								Duntroonian									25.2
								Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
		Rupelian															29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian													33.9
							Arnold	Runangan									34.6
								Kaiatan									36.7
																	37
		Bartonian															37.71
								Bortonian									39.1
				Late Uintan/Early Uintan													39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
								Heretaungan									45.7
				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian													46.2
		Ypresian															47.8
								Mangaorapan									48.9
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Mangaorapan									50.5
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Waipawan									52
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Waipawan									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Teurian									56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1											56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1											59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1											60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1				61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
								Mangaotanean		90.5
								Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan		93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
								Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Motuan		100.5
								Urutawan		103.3
							Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian				Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian					Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kazanian					Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian					Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
										Filipovian	276.5 *
										Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian				Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
									Irginian		285.9 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian				Shikhanian		293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
						Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
							Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Keila	Idavere †			453
							Haljala				453.9
							Kukruse				456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Uhaku				458.4
							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Aseri				460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
								Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian								489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian						Paibian								494
															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
												Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian	499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian			Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian				Amgan/Solvan	509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Nangaoian				Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Nangaoian				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1							Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Jinnigian					Manykaian †		530.7
																	538.8