PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of England		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian		Sheridanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian		Cudahyan/Sappan							Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian		Cudahyan/Sappan							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian		Senecan/Rexroadian								1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian		late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene	15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian								16.3
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian							18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene	23.03
					Monroecreekian							23.1 *
					Geringian							24.7 *
		Rupelian			Geringian						Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian							Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian									Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Late Uintan/Early Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian								46.2
		Ypresian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							Early Eocene	47.8
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								50.5
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1					Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1					Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Late Cambrian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Middle Cambrian	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Branchian	Early Cambrian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Branchian				514
		Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8