Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
  • J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsNorth American Mammal Subages/ZonesSilurian of EnglandSilurian Ages of EuropeMesozoic SubagesCambrian of ChinaObsolete Names for ICS UnitsDevonian Subages
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneSheridanian0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Cudahyan/Sappan0.21
Calabrian0.774
Senecan/Rexroadian1.4
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †2.58
Zanclean3.6
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian4.7
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian9.4
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian12.5
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian16.3
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early ArikareeanHarrisonian18.5
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 423.03
Monroecreekian23.1 *
Geringian24.7 *
Rupelian27.82
29.5
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian33.9
37
Bartonian37.71
Late Uintan/Early Uintan39.7
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian46.2
Ypresian47.8
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean50.5
Cf3/Cf2/Cf154.9
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 156
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti156.2
Selandian59.2
To3/To2/To160.9
Danian61.6
Pu3/Pu2/Pu163.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 8Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian66
CampanianCretaceous 7Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian72.1
SantonianCretaceous 6Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian83.6
ConiacianLate Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian86.3
TuronianLate Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 5Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4Late Albian100.5
Middle Albian106.2 *
Early Albian109.9 *
AptianCretaceous 3Late Aptian113
Early Aptian119.5 *
BarremianCretaceous 2Late Barremian/Early Barremian121.4
HauterivianLate Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian132.6
BerriasianLate Berriasian139.8
Middle Berriasian140.6 *
Early Berriasian142.7 *
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6Late TithonianMiddle Tithonian145
Early Tithonian146.3 *
KimmeridgianJurassic 5Late Kimmeridgian149.2
Early Kimmeridgian152.2 *
OxfordianLate OxfordianMiddle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian154.8
157.9 *
Middle JurassicCallovianLate Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian165.3
BajocianLate Bajocian168.2
Early Bajocian168.6 *
AalenianJurassic 3Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLate Toarcian174.7
Middle Toarcian180.4 *
Early Toarcian182.9 *
PliensbachianJurassic 2Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian192.9
HettangianLate Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
NorianSevatian208.5
Alaunian213.2 *
Lacian216.7 *
CarnianTriassic 3Tuvalian227
Julian233.4 *
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2Longobardian237
Fassanian239.7 *
AnisianIllyrian242
Pelsonian243.8 *
Bithynian244.7 *
Aegean245.5 *
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1Spathian247.2
Smithian248.9 *
InduanDienerian251.2
Griesbachian251.4 *
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
WuchiapingianLongtanian †254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
RoadianPermian 3266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Late Famennian358.9
Middle Famennian365.3 *
Early Famennian368.5 *
FrasnianDevonian 4Late Frasnian372.2
Middle Frasnian375.4 *
Early Frasnian379.3 *
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Late Givetian382.7
Middle Givetian383.7 *
Early Givetian385.9 *
EifelianLate Eifelian387.7
Early Eifelian390.3 *
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Late Emsian393.3
Early Emsian398.3 *
PragianDevonian 1Pragian407.6
LochkovianLate Lochkovian410.8
Middle Lochkovian412.8 *
Early Lochkovian415.6 *
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton CastleWhitcliffe/Leintwardine419.2
Bringewood/Elton421.3
LudlowLudfordianCoalbrookdaleWenlock (England)/Tickwood423
Gorstian425.6
Buildwas426.4 *
WenlockHomerianGleedonian427.4
WychWoolhope428.4 *
Whitwellian429.7 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
436.3 *
Aeronian438.5
Cowleigh Park439.3 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5443.8
Katian445.2
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5NiucheheanTaoyuanian †485.4
JiangshanianJiangshanian489.5
PaibianPaibian494
Waergangian †/Youshuanian494.9 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4GuzhangianWangcunian †Series 3 †497
DrumianDrumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3Wuliuan/TaijangianStage 5 †504.5
Series 2Stage 4Duyunian509
Stage 3Cambrian 2Nangaoian514
TerreneuvianStage 2Meishucunian521
FortunianCambrian 1529
Jinnigian530.7
538.8