PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean		Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian						7.246
		Tortonian		Clarendonian	Pannonian						9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian	Sarmatian						11.63
				Barstovian	Sarmatian						12.5
					Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
				Hemingfordian							16.3
				Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
				Whitneyan							29.5
				Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian							47.8
				Wasatchian							50.5
				Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian		Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian					489.5
		Paibian		Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan					497
				Mindyallan					Arcadian	498.4
				Boomerangian						499
		Drumian		Undillan						500.5
		Drumian		Floran						503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian						504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian					Branchian	509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
											538.8