PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean							0.129
				Irvingtonian							0.21
						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian									0.774
				Blancan							1.4
						Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian					3
		Zanclean				Waipipian					3.6
						Opoitian					3.7
				Hemphillian		Opoitian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian					Pannonian				7.246
				Clarendonian							9.4
					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Sarmatian				11.63
				Barstovian			Sarmatian				12.5
							Badenian				12.8 *
						Lillburnian	Badenian				13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian					13.82
						Clifdenian					15.1
					Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
				Hemingfordian							16.3
				Arikareean							18.5
						Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian					23.03
						Duntroonian					25.2
						Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
				Whitneyan							29.5
				Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan					34.6
						Kaiatan					36.7
				Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian									37.71
						Bortonian					39.1
				Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
						Heretaungan					45.7
				Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian									47.8
						Mangaorapan					48.9
				Wasatchian		Mangaorapan					50.5
				Wasatchian		Waipawan					52
				Clarkforkian		Waipawan					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian		Teurian					56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian		Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan		100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian			427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian			429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lianghekou †	Xinchangian		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
											538.8