PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean			Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean										0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean										0.129
				Irvingtonian										0.21
								Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian												0.774
				Blancan										1.4
								Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian						3
		Zanclean						Waipipian						3.6
								Opoitian						3.7
				Hemphillian				Opoitian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
				Clarendonian										9.4
							Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Barstovian										12.5
								Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian						13.82
								Clifdenian						15.1
							Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
				Hemingfordian										16.3
				Arikareean										18.5
								Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Waitakian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
								Duntroonian						25.2
								Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan		27.82
				Whitneyan										29.5
				Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
							Arnold	Runangan						34.6
								Kaiatan						36.7
				Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
								Bortonian						39.1
				Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
								Heretaungan						45.7
				Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian	47.8
								Mangaorapan						48.9
				Wasatchian				Mangaorapan						50.5
				Wasatchian				Waipawan						52
				Clarkforkian				Waipawan						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian				Teurian				Gashatan		56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian								Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian										59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian										60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian										61.6
		Danian		Puercan										63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4		Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
														538.8