PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of Western Europe		European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean									0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian									0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian									0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan									1.4
		Gelasian						MN 17					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16				Villanyian	2.58
								MN 16				Ruscinian	3.1 *
								MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean						MN 15					3.6
								MN 14					4.2
				Hemphillian				MN 14					4.7
								MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						MN 13				Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian						MN 12					7.246
								MN 11					7.75
								MN 10				Vallesian	8.7
				Clarendonian				MN 10					9.4
								MN 9					9.7
								MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Astaracian	11.63
				Barstovian									12.5
								MN 6					12.8 *
		Langhian						MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian						MN 4				Orleanian	15.98
				Hemingfordian				MN 4					16.3
				Hemingfordian				MN 3					16.9
				Arikareean				MN 3					18.5
								MN 2				Agenian	20
		Aquitanian						MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian						MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
				Whitneyan									29.5
				Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian									33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean									37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian									47.8
				Wasatchian									50.5
				Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian									56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian									56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian		Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
							Xiaodushanian		300 *
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Khamovnikian			Cantabrian	305 *
					Krevyakinian		Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian				307
					Myachkovian	Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Podolskian			Westphalian D	308.9 *
					Podolskian			Westphalian C	309.8
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Vereian			Westphalian B	314.6
					Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian				315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian		318.5 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Severokeltmian		Yeadonian		319.9 *
				Severokeltmian		Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian		321.9 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
				Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Steshevian		Pendleian		327.4 *
				Tarusian				329 *
				Tarusian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Aleksinian			Jiusian	335 *
				Tulian				335.8 *
				Tulian	Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †		339.9 *
				Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian				351.9 *
				Cherepetian	Hastarian			353.7 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
													538.8