PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of China	Permian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean							Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean									Tarantian	0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean									Ionian	0.129
				Irvingtonian										0.21
												Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian												0.774
				Blancan										1.4
												Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian		3
		Zanclean										Waipipian		3.6
												Opoitian		3.7
				Hemphillian								Opoitian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian								Pannonian				7.246
				Clarendonian										9.4
											Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Sarmatian				11.63
				Barstovian						Sarmatian				12.5
										Badenian				12.8 *
										Badenian		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian		13.82
												Clifdenian		15.1
											Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
				Hemingfordian										16.3
				Arikareean										18.5
												Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Waitakian		23.03
												Duntroonian		25.2
												Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
				Whitneyan										29.5
				Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian										33.9
											Arnold	Runangan		34.6
												Kaiatan		36.7
				Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian												37.71
												Bortonian		39.1
				Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
												Heretaungan		45.7
				Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian												47.8
												Mangaorapan		48.9
				Wasatchian								Mangaorapan		50.5
				Wasatchian								Waipawan		52
				Clarkforkian								Waipawan		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								Teurian		56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian										56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian										59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian										60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian										61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Dorashamian	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian					Midian	Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian		Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3				Murgabian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kubergandian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
							Bolorian			Cathedralian	279.8
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
								Longlinian			285.4 *
							Yakhtashian				286
							Yakhtashian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2								330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian							427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian							429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
														538.8