PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Gashatan								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Senonian	Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Gallic		100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1									293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Kuzel						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
									Toyonian	510 *
									Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Botomian	514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian	521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8