PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian											Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian											Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian	3
		Zanclean											Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean											Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian											Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian											Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian	13.82
													Clifdenian	15.1
												Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian											Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian											Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								Waitakian	23.03
													Duntroonian	25.2
													Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian		Kekeamuan										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
												Arnold	Runangan	34.6
													Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Bortonian	41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
													Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian			Bumbanian								Heretaungan	47.8
													Mangaorapan	48.9
													Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Gashatan									Teurian	56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
													Mangaotanean	90.5
													Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										Arowhanan	93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
													Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										Motuan	100.5
													Urutawan	103.3
												Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian					Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou					Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †					Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8