Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaPermian of North AmericaCarboniferous of North AmericaObsolete Names for ICS UnitsCenozoic Subepochs of Southern EuropeDevonian of Eastern North AmericaOrdovician of China
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneTarantian0.0117
ChibanianIonian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4TabenbulakianHsandagolian23.03
RupelianKekeamuan27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian33.9
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
YpresianBumbanian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1Gashatan56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 866
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
WuchiapingianLongtanian †254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianCapitanian259.51
WordianWordian264.28
RoadianPermian 3Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2LeonardianCathedralian273.01
Hessian281.9 *
Artinskian283.5
WolfcampianLenoxian286.1 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1NealianBursumian †293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5Virgilian298.9
KasimovianMissourian303.7
Desmoinesian305.9 *
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Atokan312.7 *
Bashkirian315.2
Morrowan318.4 *
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3Chesterian323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
Meramecian335.8 *
Osagean343.1 *
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
Kinderhookian351.9 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4West Fallsian/Sonyean372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Geneseean/Taghanican/TioughnioganCazenovian382.7
EifelianSouthwoodian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Sawkillian/Deer ParkianHelderbergian393.3
PragianDevonian 1407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5HirnantianXiaoxita †/ShikouWufeng †443.8
KatianChientangkiangian445.2
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang449.5
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3DarriwilianGuniu †/Hulo458.4
Hunjiang †Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo466.3 *
DapingianOrdovician 2Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloianYiyangian470
TremadocianOrdovician 1Xinchangian477.7
Lianghekou †477.9 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4Series 3 †497
Drumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3Stage 5 †504.5
Series 2Stage 4509
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
TerreneuvianStage 2521
FortunianCambrian 1529
538.8