PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian									MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
										Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean									MN 15	3.6
											MN 14	4.2
							Hemphillian				MN 14	4.7
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
										Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
							Clarendonian				MN 10	9.4
											MN 9	9.7
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Astaracian		11.63
							Barstovian					12.5
											MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
							Hemingfordian				MN 4	16.3
							Hemingfordian				MN 3	16.9
							Arikareean				MN 3	18.5
										Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian									MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
		Rupelian		Kekeamuan								27.82
							Whitneyan					29.5
							Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian		Bridgerian					47.8
							Wasatchian					50.5
							Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Gashatan			Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian		Gashatan			Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian					Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian		259.51
		Wordian				Midian		264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10			Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
												538.8