PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian											0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean											2.58
		Zanclean		Yushean											3.6
		Zanclean		Baodean											4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian		Tunggurian											11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Tunggurian											11.63
		Langhian		Shanwangian											13.82
		Burdigalian		Shanwangian											15.98
		Burdigalian		Xiejiaan											16.9
		Aquitanian		Xiejiaan											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Gashatan		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4												208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4									Buntsandstein			251.902
		Wuchiapingian													254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian							256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian				Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian				Leine			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Filipovian	276.5 *
						Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
						Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
						Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian				307	Cantabrian
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian				Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian			Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian				Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Hastarian				Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
									Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
										Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian							Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
															538.8