PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Tarantian						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean		Tarantian						0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean		Ionian						0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian		Ionian						0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean					Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian											7.246
		Tortonian		Pannonian			Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian			Clarendonian								11.63
				Sarmatian			Barstovian								12.5
				Badenian											12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
							Hemingfordian								16.3
							Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
							Whitneyan								29.5
							Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian								47.8
							Wasatchian								50.5
							Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian					Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian				Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Oretian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian				Etalian		238
		Anisian				Etalian		242
		Anisian				Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian		249
		Induan		251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai		251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
					Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian			254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian			259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
					Barettian			266
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian			283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Ohesaare		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Kaugetuma		Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		Buildwas	427.4
							Rootsikula	Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
							Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				Jaani			433.4
							Adavere			434 *
										436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
								Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
							Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
										Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
															538.8