PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of North America	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian					2.58
		Piacenzian						Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean						Ruscinian					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian					5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian				Turolian					7.246
		Tortonian		Pannonian				Vallesian					8.7
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian				Astaracian					11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian									12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian						Orleanian					15.98
		Burdigalian						Agenian					20
		Aquitanian						Agenian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Gallic				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan		150
											Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian									Warepan		208.5
											Otamitan		217
											Oretian		221
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian									Etalian		238
		Anisian			242						Etalian
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Southwoodian		Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						St Davids		497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Branchian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Branchian			514
		Stage 3							Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
													538.8