PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of England		Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian									Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian									Middle Miocene						11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian															12.8 *
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2																273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
								Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
								Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
								Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
								Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
							Viru	Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
								Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
								Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila				Idavere †	453
								Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala					453.9
								Kukruse					456.4 *
								Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Uhaku						458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2												467.3
										Rangerian					469.1 *
								Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg								473.7 *
										Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tulean						477.7
										Stairsian						480.3 *
								Varangu		Stairsian						481.3 *
								Varangu		Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
								Pakerort								482.2 *
																Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Datsonian	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
					Payntonian												486.8 *
					Payntonian												487.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian										Iverian		489.5
											Aksaian						490.7 *
											Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian			Paibian										Idamean		494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Ayusokkanian								Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Mindyallan	497
					Ayusokkanian											Boomerangian	499
					Mayan/Menevian											Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian											Drumian			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian											Drumian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Amgan/Solvan								Wuliuan/Taijangian			Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian				509
					Toyonian						Lenian †						510 *
					Toyonian												510.8 *
					Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Botomian								Nangaoian				514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian								Nangaoian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian								Meishucunian				521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Manykaian †					Jinnigian		530.7
																			538.8