PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Australia	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian		MN 17							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16							2.58
		Piacenzian		MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean		MN 15							3.6
				MN 14							4.2
				MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		MN 13							5.333
		Tortonian		MN 12						Pannonian	7.246
				MN 11							7.75
				MN 10							8.7
				MN 9							9.7
				MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	MN 7 + 8						Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian		MN 6						Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian		MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian		MN 4							15.98
				MN 3							16.9
				MN 2							20
		Aquitanian		MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian		MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Late Albian					100.5
						Middle Albian					106.2 *
						Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian					113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian					139.8
						Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
						Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian					174.7
					Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
					Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian	208.5
					Alaunian	213.2 *
					Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
							Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian	489.5
		Paibian						Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian	499
		Drumian						Undillan	500.5
		Drumian						Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian	509
		Stage 4							510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
											538.8