PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan			MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian			MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian							Mangapanian			MN 16	2.58
				Villanyian							Waipipian				3
				Ruscinian											3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
											Opoitian				3.7
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Turolian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
				Vallesian										MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
										Southland	Waiauan			MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Astaracian										MN 7 + 8	11.63
														MN 6	12.8 *
											Lillburnian			MN 6	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian			MN 5	13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian		Orleanian										MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
											Otaian			MN 3	18.7
				Agenian										MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
										Landon	Waitakian				21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan				47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Teurian				56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
					Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
											Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											489.5
					Steptoean							493 *
											Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Marjumian	Albertian †				St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran	Waucoban †				Caerfai		509
		Stage 4			Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Dyeran							514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
															538.8