PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan				MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian				MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian		Mangapanian				MN 16	2.58
						Villanyian		Waipipian					3
						Ruscinian							3.1 *
												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean											3.6
								Opoitian					3.7
												MN 14	4.2
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
						Vallesian						MN 10	8.7
												MN 9	9.7
							Southland	Waiauan				MN 9	11.04
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Astaracian						MN 7 + 8	11.63
												MN 6	12.8 *
								Lillburnian				MN 6	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian				MN 5	13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian						MN 4	15.98
												MN 3	16.9
								Otaian				MN 3	18.7
						Agenian						MN 2	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
							Landon	Waitakian					21.7
												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Teurian					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4			Uhaku
					Lasnamagi			458.9 *
					Aseri			460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Hunneberg					Ungurian	477.7
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Pakerort			Late Cambrian		Batyrbaian		485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
									Aksaian		490.7 *
									Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Middle Cambrian		Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian				509
									Toyonian		510 *
									Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Botomian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian		521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
													538.8