PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Silurian of England		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian														0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean														2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean														3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean														4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian														11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Tunggurian														11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian														13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian														15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan														16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes													259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2																273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian													283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian	Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Chotec	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Kralodvorian					Vormsi	449.6 *
							Berounian					Vormsi	449.7 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse				456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3													458.4
							Dobrotivian									458.5 *
							Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Oretanian					Lasnamagi				459.7 *
												Aseri				460.4 *
											Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
										Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Klabava †						467.3
							Arenigian										468
												Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg								473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Hunneberg			Tremadocian					477.7
				Varangu								481.3 *
				Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Pakerort									Datsonian				485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
													Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian				489.5
		Paibian											Idamean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										Mindyallan				497
													Mindyallan				Arcadian	498.4
													Boomerangian					499
		Drumian											Undillan					500.5
		Drumian											Floran					503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										Templetonian					504.5
		Wuliuan											Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Ordian				Branchian	509
		Stage 4																510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2															514
		Stage 3															Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1															529
																			538.8