Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsDevonian SubagesCambrian of West AvaloniaCretaceous-Cenozoic of New ZealandNorth American Land Mammal AgesDevonian of Eastern North AmericaCenozoic Subepochs of Southern EuropeObsolete Names for ICS UnitsPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaMammal Paleogene ZonesPermo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 6WanganuiHaweranSaintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneTarantian0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
ChibanianIonian0.129
Irvingtonian0.21
Castlecliffian0.34
Calabrian0.774
Blancan1.4
Nukumaruan1.63
Gelasian1.8
Mangapanian2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †2.58
Waipipian3
Zanclean3.6
Opoitian3.7
Hemphillian4.7
MioceneMessinianTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
Tortonian7.246
Clarendonian9.4
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Barstovian12.5
Lillburnian13.05
Langhian13.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
Burdigalian15.98
Hemingfordian16.3
Arikareean18.5
Otaian18.7
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4TabenbulakianHsandagolianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 2523.03
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
RupelianKekeamuanMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3ChadronianHouldjinian/Ergilian/UlangochuianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A33.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Kaiatan36.7
Duchesnean37
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/ArshantanMP 1637.71
Bortonian39.1
Uintan39.7
LutetianCenozoic 2MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
Bridgerian46.2
YpresianBumbanianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
Mangaorapan48.9
Wasatchian50.5
Waipawan52
Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1TeurianGashatanMP 6MP 1 - 556
Tiffanian56.2
Selandian59.2
Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Puercan63.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 8MataHaumurian66
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 6Piripauan83.6
RaukumaraTeratan86.1
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Mangaotanean90.5
Arowhanan93.7
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
ClarenceNgaterian95.2
Motuan99.5
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
Urutawan103.3
TaitaiKorangan108.4
AptianCretaceous 3113
117.5
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1Vokhmian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
WuchiapingianLongtanian †Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianLate Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian259.51
WordianLate Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian264.28
RoadianPermian 3Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Late FamennianConewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway358.9
Middle Famennian365.3 *
Early Famennian368.5 *
FrasnianDevonian 4Late FrasnianWest Fallsian/Sonyean372.2
Middle Frasnian375.4 *
Early Frasnian379.3 *
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Late GivetianGeneseean/Taghanican/TioughnioganCazenovian382.7
Middle Givetian383.7 *
Early Givetian385.9 *
EifelianLate EifelianSouthwoodian387.7
Early Eifelian390.3 *
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Late EmsianSawkillian/Deer ParkianHelderbergian393.3
Early Emsian398.3 *
PragianDevonian 1Pragian407.6
LochkovianLate Lochkovian410.8
Middle Lochkovian412.8 *
Early Lochkovian415.6 *
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5443.8
Katian445.2
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4Series 3 †497
Arcadian498.4
Drumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3Stage 5 †504.5
Series 2Stage 4Branchian509
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Placentian517.1
TerreneuvianStage 2521
FortunianCambrian 1529
538.8