PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Gashatan				56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan	150
													Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian											Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2										Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2										Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian											Warepan	208.5
													Otamitan	217
													Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3										Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3									Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2										Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian											Etalian	238
		Anisian											Etalian	242
		Anisian											Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1										Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian											Nelsonian	249
		Induan		251.2									Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian			358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian			372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian			382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian			410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †				Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †				Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
														538.8